Legal Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legitimate Brief - Assignment Example f Sony to Court of Appeal for the Ninth Circuit, which decided for Universal City Studios and others lastly moved to US Supreme which decided for Sony. The arrangements identifying with unjustifiable rivalry of the Lamham Act were pertinent to this case notwithstanding 17 U.S.C. Â § 101 (Copyright Act of 1976). The reasonable use regulation for utilization of copyrighted substance, the arrangements for copyright encroachment notwithstanding arrangements 17 U.S.C. Â § 106, which concedes the copyright proprietors a few rights were material for giving a decision in each issue that was brought up in this suit. The essential issue that was brought up in his suit was whether Sony Corp. was at risk for contributory copyright encroachment by assembling the item named Betamax. The other issue was that whether Betamax itself was an item which could encourage copyright encroachment or it was an item whose reason for existing was to encourage authentic use by the copyright proprietors. This issue must be resolved so as to discover answers to the main issue. The case initially moved to the Federal District Court, where Sony Corp. won the argument against its offended parties. The offended parties Universal Studios and Walt Disney at that point engaged the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, where choice was passed for the appellants Universal Studios and Walt Disney. Sony Corp. at that point at long last chose to move the US Supreme Court for choice on the issue. The US Supreme Court decided for Sony Corp. by a 5-4 larger part. Consequently Sony Corp. was permitted to fabricate Betamax and later an item named VHS in US without getting obligated for copyright encroachment and without being at risk to pay any harms. The case builds up general guideline for innovative turn of events and favors the privilege of the overall population to make legitimate proprietors of copyright to make duplicates through specialized gadgets for their very own utilization. The general standard built up for this situation was that by assembling an item which can be utilized to

Hepatitis C : The Silent Epidemic Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Ess

Hepatitis C : The Silent Epidemic Presentation      Did you realize that more than 200,000,000 individuals are tainted with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)? Lamentably it is valid, and twenty 5,000 more are contaminated every year. Out of these casualties, three are associates of mine. They are the reason I decided to explore this Silent Epidemic. In this paper you won't just find out about the infection itself, yet additionally approaches to perceive and forestall it. The objective of this is to forestall the further spread of this sickness, and moreover to make you mindful of your choices whenever contaminated. Measurements      Hepatitis C influences roughly 1.8% of the populace in the U.S. This records for about 4 million individuals. What's more, this number is just developing. It has been assessed that twenty five to thirty 5,000 new cases are analyzed every year. What is the Hepatitis C Virus?      As you definitely know, the cells in the body react to contamination from multiple points of view. One of these ways is irritation. Hepatitis C is an aggravation of the liver. Be that as it may, it doesn't influence the entire liver on the double. The quiet pestilence sneaks up gradually by making harm singular liver cells. This implies, HCV advances gradually over numerous years. How would you get Hepatitis C      There are many hazard factors that may prompt the spread the Hepatitis C Virus. As a rule side effects are not obvious until ten or even twenty years after the disease. Since medicines depend on the level of disease, it is essential to discover this infection at the earliest opportunity. Is it true that you are in danger? Ask yourself the accompanying inquiries to discover! 1.) Have you gotten a blood transfusion preceding 1992? 2.) Have you had any strong organ transplants, for example, your heart, liver, or kidney? 3.) Are you on long haul kidney dialysis? 4.) Are you an individual from the human services field, in which you have had introduction to blood? 5.) Have you at any point utilized recreational medications? (Needles? Cocaine Straws?) 6.) Have you at any point had high hazard sex? (Butt-centric? Numerous Partners?) 7.) Do you have a tattoo or body puncturing? 8.) Do you live with, or have normal contact with a tainted individual? Provided that this is true, do you share nail scissors, razors, or toothbrushes?      If you have addressed yes to any of these inquiries, you are at a hazard for having Hepatitis C. So now what would you be able to do? Diagnosing Hepatitis C      If you believe you may have been uncovered t... ... Ribavirin      Ribavirin is a pill which is utilized alongside alpha-interferon. It has been demonstrated that this pill encourages the alpha-interferon to work better. Patients who decide to take this pill are recommended a few pills per day. These pills must be take ordinarily alongside standard alpha-interferon infusions to emphatically influence the body. Objectives of treatment      There are two fundamental objectives of HCV treatment. The primary objective is to have a supported virologic reaction. This implies the infection will stay at an imperceptible in the blood for at least a half year after treatment. The subsequent objective is an improved histologic reaction. A case of this is the lessening of liver irritation, and the decrease of scarring of the liver.â â â â â End      Hepatitis C is a quiet plague. There is no immunization, and no fix. The best way to forestall the spread of this illness is to know about your environmental factors, and practice a perfect method of living. In spite of the fact that there is treatment for Hepatitis C, it is a difficult malady in its later stages. On the off chance that you believe you have been uncovered, kindly, don't stop for a second to have yourself tried. The Hepatitis C Virus is, and will stay, a danger to your life.

Stateless nations Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stateless countries Palestine - Essay Example This populace of individuals has no citizenship and its advantages and in this way needs full access to administrations offered by the reference government to the real residents. This is regardless of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that each individual has a privilege to nationality (Balaton 1). The stateless individuals don't have the advantage of common and political, financial, social, and social rights, monetary and social rights that residents in a state appreciate. In fact, this populace doesn't have a road to guarantee for these rights and subsequently don't take an interest in any national issues. Thusly, the stateless populace is inclined to poor business, neediness, travel boundaries, disparity, segregation, sexual and physical brutality, no legitimate assurance, property possession limitations, political hindrances, prohibition, and helpful emergency (Balaton 2-3). Besides, they can't get to wellbeing, training, and other social administrations. Ac cordingly, statelessness is ostensibly one of the hazardous and unfortunate conditions that influence the total populace. All things considered, the UNHCR is embraced re4levant measures to diminish statelessness in the globe (â€Å"UN News Centre† 1). In this unique circumstance, this paper will detail Palestine as a stateless country. ... Outstandingly, for quite a while, Palestinians and the Jewish individuals of Israel have been living in a similar zone where Israel currently controls a large portion of that region and Palestinians are as yet attempting to recover that territory for reasons for their own autonomous state. Accordingly, there has been a battle for the masterfulness of Palestine with Israel trying to keep up business as usual. We can follow this debate from the authentic days of the Bible, which included Abraham’s child Isaac speaking to the Jews and Ishmael speaking to the Arabs. From that point forward, Israel and Palestine has been on war with Israel winning all wars in this manner rendering Palestine to be stateless. As a matter of fact, in 1967, Israel caught Israel caught significant regions with colossal Palestine populace, which included Gaza from Egypt and the West Bank from Jordan. In any case, this triumph didn't infer harmony and security to Israel as Palestine kept up the battle for West Bank, which is their likely autonomous state. All things considered, the battle for land, security, and Palestine freedom endures right up 'til the present time and Palestine stays a stateless country. Undoubtedly, Israel tries to diminish the Palestinian Arabs populace while expanding the quantity of Jewish foreigners. By the by, most Israelis are gradually tolerating that Palestinians have the right to have an autonomous state with Palestinians con?ning their focus toward the West Bank. The stateless Palestine fall into three classes which incorporate holders of nationalities of accommodation, holders of the ‘Refugee Travel Document’, and holders of the Palestinian visa gave by the Palestinian Authority (Shiblak 8). Truly, the topographical area of Palestine was a district in

GRE sentence equivalences two strategies

One of the things that often gets overlooked in discussions about standardized testing is that scoring well is often a matter of having strategies, plural, rather than a single strategy. Different items may call for different approaches, even when they are the same type of question, and nowhere is this fact illustrated more clearly than on GRE sentence equivalences. In some cases, you may be able to identify the answer almost instantaneously using a shortcut approach, whereas in other cases you may need to work through the sentence very carefully, circling key words, playing positive/negative, and dodging trick answers left and right. The key is to know which strategy to use when. With that said, lets look at two ways that sentence equivalences can be approached. 1) Use the answers to work backward Although correct answers to sentence equivalences do not need to be exact synonyms, in many cases they will have very similar meanings. One way to narrow down potential answer choices is therefore to start by scanning the answer choices for such words. For example, consider the following set of answers: [A]   multiply [B]   abate [C]   merge [D]   relapse [E]   subside [F]   linger This isnt the hardest set of answer choices, but it isnt the easiest one either. None of the words is particularly obscure, and only abate would show up on most traditional GRE vocabulary list. The answers are, however, all similar enough to give a lot of test-takers pause. If you really know your vocabulary and can keep your head on straight, though, there are actually only two words here that are truly likely to create the same meaning when plugged into a sentence. In fact, theyre straightforward synonyms: abate and subside. What further suggests that this pair is correct is that it follows a classic sentence equivalence answer choice pattern: one easy word (subside) and one GRE word (abate) that test-takers are less likely to know. To be clear, though: you should never never choose a set of answers without going back and plugging them into the sentence to make sure they actually fit. The point of this strategy is only to help you identify the most likely answers faster; you still need to check to make sure they make sense in context. So now, were going to look at the actual sentence. Some commonly prescribed medications can initially provoke side-effects ranging from anxiety to weight-gain, but these symptoms typically ____________ within weeks as patients bodies adjust. The contradictor but indicates that the two halves of the sentence will have opposite meanings. The first half of the sentence indicates that some common medications cause side effect, so logically, the second half of the sentence must indicate that these side effects eventually go away or decrease an interpretation supported by the phrase as patients bodies adjust. Given that context, abate and subside make perfect sense. However, if the correct answers have meanings that are too dissimilar, or if there are multiple synonym pairs, this strategy will be of limited use. For example, the above set of answers could also be written this way: [A]   remain [B]   abate [C]   merge [D]   relapse [E]   subside [F]   linger Here, there are two potential sets of words: remain/linger and abate/subside. You can be reasonably certain the other answers are incorrect, but without actually looking at the sentence, there is no way to know which pair is correct. That is also why you should never jump to pick the first set of synonyms you notice there might be another pair of synonyms, or relatively similar words, that are a much better fit for the sentence. If there isnt an obvious set of synonyms, or if you simply find working from the answers too confusing, then you can always 2) Work from the sentence to the answers This should probably go without saying, but just in case, Ill reiterate it here: in order to work most effectively, you must do some basic legwork upfront, before you check the answers. If you dont have a clear idea of what sort of words youre looking for, youre likely to get confused or second-guess yourself. The major pitfall of this approach is that you can end up focusing so hard on finding words that fit that you neglect to fully consider whether they create the same meaning. For example: Amy Tans memoir Where the Past Begins is not a conventional narrative autobiography; rather, it is a series of ____________ chapters that resemble a collage or a scrapbook more than a standard chronological excavation of the past. The sentence sets up an opposition between Tans memoir and conventional narrative autobiography, indicating that the memoir does not consist of a conventional narrative. In addition, the phrase standard chronological excavation indicates that the narrative does not discuss the events of Tans life in order. The correct answers must therefore be consistent with the idea of lacking order. Now, take a look at the answers: [A]   linear [B]   rambling [C]   unintelligible [D]   fragmented [E]   lyrical [F]   disjointed Linear is the exact opposite of the required word, so [A] can be eliminated right away. Rambling means long-winded or wordy. This type of narrative could plausibly be considered the opposite of a conventional point-A-to-point-B narrative, so [B] fits. Unintelligible has the right idea, but its too strong: its unlikely that an authors memoir, no matter of unconventional, would be downright incomprehensible. Its a pretty safe bet that [C] is wrong too. [D], fragmented fits: a narrative that didnt move in linear or chronological fashion could be described this way. Lyrical (poetic) isnt the most obvious match for the clues in the sentence, but it still works: a lyrical memoir would not be a standard chronological one. So [E] stays. Disjointed is also consistent with the idea of a narrative that jumps around in time, so [F] stays as well. So that leaves us with four possible answers: [B]   rambling [D]   fragmented [E]   lyrical [F]   disjointed The question now shifts from which words make sense in context to which words produce the same meaning? Lyrical is the outlier here, so [E] can be eliminated. This is where you need to be very careful: rambling, fragmented, and disjointed   are all similar but a rambling narrative is one that is merely lengthy and tends to go off on tangents, whereas a fragmented or disjointed narrative is by definition one that presents events in random order, that leaps back and forth in time in a choppy, illogical way. The difference is subtle, but its there. [D] and [F] are exact matches for the clues in the sentence AND produce the same meaning when plugged in, so they are correct.

Wittenberg University Admission ACT Scores, Admit Rate

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use...

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use in Middle Aged Adults? Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) psychosocial stages of development provide a framework for the different stages of development throughout the human lifespan. These stages of development begin at birth and continue until death, and separate the lifespan into eight stages based on chronological age. Within these eight different aging stages are corresponding psychosocial stages. Each of these psychosocial stages represent a conflict between two characteristics of development for that particular time period in a person’s life. The beginning stages of Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) model focus almost entirely on the individual and the self, developing those personal characteristics and developing the idea of the self. It is not until middle adulthood that the psychosocial conflict changes perspective to reflect outside of the self. The seventh psychosocial stage is generativity versus stagnation, which takes place during the ages of 40 to 60. In this stage, the in dividual turns the focus outside of themselves and starts to focus on society, community, and the family. While a person can feel generative by having their own family and children, this is only a small part of being successfully generative. Generativity can roughly be described as connection between generations. This entails having a desire to contribute to the next generations, as well as creating and accomplishing things

Antimicrobial Activity of Soil- Research Proposal free essay sample

Microbes produce various antibiotics and by isolating different microbes the antibodies can be tested for. Soil samples are highly rich in microorganisms. The antimicrobial  activities of microbes from 3 different soil sources (Tenby, Summerstrand, North Campus main building round-about and South Campus water pond) will be tested. Pure colonies isolated from the microbes will be tested for antimicrobial activity against known microorganisms of medical importance; these being E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and salmonella spp. Isolates of soil microbes can be categorized and  characterized based on a number of criteria ranging from gram-staining which will be done in this project, for enumeration which is a quantitative description based on the amount of microbial colonies available. The results will be recorded. Key words: soil, microbes, microbial activity, antimicrobial resistance INTRODUCTION It is vital for science today to focus on the isolation and characterisation of an unknown organism expressing interesting properties in relation to antimicrobial Activity. At the conclusion of this laboratory experience the researcher would be required to describe the isolates obtained from the soil macroscopic and microscopic appearance, perform the gram stain of the microorganisms in question and to discriminate the organisms from other microbes that could be contained in the soil and to finally make certain that the organisms have not been exposed to outside sources and be isolated in a pure culture. The researcher must first isolate the microbe then, grow the organism in a pure culture. Pure colonies will be tested for antimicrobial activity against known microorganisms of medical importance. The evaluation of the results that will be achieved are important in the understanding the development of new antimicrobial drugs. LITERATURE REVIEW Soils typically contain 109  to 1010  microorganisms per gram (dry weight), which may represent more than a million bacterial species. However, characterization of the small fraction of microbes that has been cultivated provides only a glimpse of their potential physiological capacity and influence on soil ecosystems. The absence of pure cultures or genome sequences makes it difficult to ascertain the roles of specific microbes in soil environments. Eichorst, Breznak and Schmidt (2007) Diarrhoea caused by Shigella species is estimated by WHO to cause 50% of dysentery cases. S. dysenteriae serotype 1 is particularly virulent, causing endemic and epidemic dysentery with high death rate. Salmonella organisms are endemic in many tropical and developing countries, while other salmonellas cause food poisoning and bacteraemia. It is highly infectious and resistance to common available antimicrobials is an increasing problem. Cheesbrough (2000, p. 97) Antimicrobial resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was previously sensitive is on the rise. Resistant organisms such as bacteria are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial medicines, such as antibiotics. Infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. World Health Organisation (2012) discusses the problem of antimicrobial resistance Synthesis of medicinally important compounds is very difficult and thus the cost of medicine is also high because of the non availability of source materials especially aromatic compounds Gopalakrishnan (2011) AIM OF RESEARCH The main aim of this research is to determine whether or not soil bound microbes’ exhibit antibiotic activity against known bacteria of medical importance. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY * To develop a new antimicrobial agent. * To reduce the ever expanding problem of antimicrobial resistance in treatment of bacterial infections. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * METHOD(S) TO FASCILITATE MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION Gram stain * Gram stain will be used to identify the gram bacterial membrane reaction for easy identification. Culturing * Nutrient agar will be used for the culturing of the soil supernatant to favour growth of most bacteria. Muller-Hinton agar will be used for testing antimicrobial activity * Blood agar useful for pure culture isolation and determination of haemolysis with fastidious microorganisms. Cheesbrough (2000) Biochemical reactions Biochemical reactions will be used for the full identification of the bacteria isolated in soil and confirmation of the known enteric organisms. * API test kit Biomerieux (2009) * MATERIALS TO BE USED GRAM STAIN| GENERAL MATERIALS| Lugols’ iodine| Laboratory protective coat| Safrannin| Examination gloves| Acetone| Biohazard disposal bags| Crystal violet| Sterile sample containers | Garden hoe| CULTURE| Microscope| Culture plate| Normal saline| Wire loops| Cover slips| Bunsen burner| Glass slides| Autoclave| | Culture media| KNOWN BACTERIA FOR ANTIMICROBIAL TESTING| Incubator| Escherichia coli| Tight gas cylinders| Salmonella spp| Distilled water| Shigella dysenteriae| | Shigella flexneri| GLASS WARE| Staphylococcus aureus| Conical flasks| | Graduated beakers| BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS| Measuring cylinders| API testing kit| Test tubes| | Cheesbrough (2000) * ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The experiment to be conducted does not require the use of animals. This being said, the research will not require clearance from the department or the governing organisations responsible for the regulation of experiments of that nature. The research being conducted will also be of benefit to the society. Ethical considerations in research (2002) Kanungo. R. (2006) explains the ethics in research * SAMPLE COLLECTION Designing statistically sound sampling programs for soil antimicrobial testing requires the consideration of specific monitoring questions and the state in which the soil extracts of interest will be left post extraction. Three (3) different soil sources will be used and below are the proposed sources of soil for antimicrobial activity analysis:- a. Loamy soil from Tenby, Summerstrand, b. South Campus of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University pond c. North campus main entrance round about The soil will be collected from 5 inch depth of the surface and stored in sterile small reagent bottles. Chutia and Ahmed (2012) Wallenius (2011) describes the microbiological characteristics of soil sampling * SAMPLE ANALYSIS METHOD To address the goals of achieving a pure culture of soil microorganism and testing for antimicrobial activity, a quantitative serial dilution method will be used. Quantitative research method will measure the number of soil microorganisms with antimicrobial activity witnessed thus preferred for this particular research. Psychology Press Ltd (2004) explains Research methods and Data analysis SERIAL DILUTION PROCEDURE DAY 1 1. Mark the sterile dilution blanks in the following manner: the 100 ml dilution blank is 10-2 and the tubes sequentially are 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6. 2. Add 1gram to the 10-2 dilution blank, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes and ensure the cap is securely tightened. 3. Aseptically transfer 1ml from 10-2 dilution to the 10-3 tube. Mix thoroughly. 4. Using a fresh, sterile pipette for each succeeding step, transfer 1ml from the 10-3 dilution to the 10-4 dilution blank, then from the 10-4 to the 10-5, then from the 10-5 to 10-6. Sample transferred must be thoroughly mixed with the dilution fluid before transferred to the next tube. 5. Aseptically inoculate from 10-6 dilution and incubate on nutrient agar for 24 hours at room temperature. . This procedure will apply to the soil acquired from other sources and will be done free from contamination of the other. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) Below is a demonstration of the serial dilutions:- Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) DAY 2 Pure culture isolation 1. From the 10-6 dilution, choose one colony that appears to be compos ed of only one cell type. 2. Flame an inoculating loop, when cool gently touch it to the surface of the colony you will re-streak onto a Blood agar plate. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) The plate should be streaked as: Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) 6. Incubate the plates at room temperature for 24 hours DAY 3 1. Examine the Blood Agar plate re-streaked for a pure colony. 2. Test the pure colony’s antimicrobial activity against a known microorganism on Muller-Hinton agar and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for 24hours. 3. Gram-stain pure colony achieved, streak the colony onto a Nutrient Agar slant. Incubate for 1 day and place in the refrigerator (Isolates to be used for future experiments. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) DAY 4 – Expected Results 1. Antimicrobial activity will be observed by a zone of inhibition around the pure colony streak or, 2. A negative result showing growth of known bacteria. CONTROLS * Sterile water tested for antimicrobial activity must allow growth (Negative control), while a * An effective known antibiotic for particular bacteria tested for antimicrobial activity must show a zone of inhibition (positive control). Cheesbrough (2000) DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS The results achieved from the research will be documented in form of a Treatise, which will be oral presentation to the students and faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Should the results of the study be of interest, there is a possibility of publishing the findings in a journal for continuous dissemination. WORK AND TIME SCHEDULE The research activity will commence early August of 2013. It will be divided into two portions; the practical component and documentation of practical findings. The practical component will be conducted on from Monday to Saturday of every week. During week days, the practical activities will be done after classes. The practical component is scheduled to run for 1 month and 1 week, after which the documentation component will commence and run for a month duration. The research is scheduled to run for a period of 2 months and a week. The write up will then be handed to the research supervisor, seeking their opinion on the outline of the Treatise. FINANCE BUDGET A list of requirements is set below, to guide the funder on the scale of requirements, amount of work and cost of the research. Below is a list of the needed materials as per category:- GENERAL REQUIREMENTS| COMMODITY PRICE| Laboratory protective coat| | Examination gloves| | Biohazard bags| | Normal saline| | Microscope| | Glass slides| | Slide cover slips| | Sterile containers for serial dilutions| | GRAM STAIN| COMMODITY PRICE| Lugols’ iodine| | Acetone| | Safrinnin | | Crystal violet| | CULTURE| | Culture plates| | Bunsen burner| | Hot plate| | Culture media| | Incubator | | Tight gas cylinders| | Distilled water | | BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS| COMMODITY PRICE| API test kit| | Biomerieux. (2009) Cheesbrough (2000) lists the different microbiological requirements the facilitate the budgeting of a research Higdon and Topp (2004) give some guidelines on how to prepare a research proposal budget CONCLUSION The search for anti-secretory drugs continues, with real progress having been made. Soil and plants are the potential source of many drugs; but they did not yet get proper recognition. The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective bacterial conditions continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens. Probiotics are popular with diarrhoea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy. However, further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects and continued research on new development of anti diarrhoea agents in needed. Antibiotic resistance is a major clinical problem in treating infections caused by these microorganisms. One way to prevent antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic species is by using new compounds that are not based on existing synthetic antimicrobial agents. It is then vital to do more research on soil antimicrobial activity. Chanu, Chakraborty el tol (2011)