Legal Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legitimate Brief - Assignment Example f Sony to Court of Appeal for the Ninth Circuit, which decided for Universal City Studios and others lastly moved to US Supreme which decided for Sony. The arrangements identifying with unjustifiable rivalry of the Lamham Act were pertinent to this case notwithstanding 17 U.S.C. Â § 101 (Copyright Act of 1976). The reasonable use regulation for utilization of copyrighted substance, the arrangements for copyright encroachment notwithstanding arrangements 17 U.S.C. Â § 106, which concedes the copyright proprietors a few rights were material for giving a decision in each issue that was brought up in this suit. The essential issue that was brought up in his suit was whether Sony Corp. was at risk for contributory copyright encroachment by assembling the item named Betamax. The other issue was that whether Betamax itself was an item which could encourage copyright encroachment or it was an item whose reason for existing was to encourage authentic use by the copyright proprietors. This issue must be resolved so as to discover answers to the main issue. The case initially moved to the Federal District Court, where Sony Corp. won the argument against its offended parties. The offended parties Universal Studios and Walt Disney at that point engaged the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, where choice was passed for the appellants Universal Studios and Walt Disney. Sony Corp. at that point at long last chose to move the US Supreme Court for choice on the issue. The US Supreme Court decided for Sony Corp. by a 5-4 larger part. Consequently Sony Corp. was permitted to fabricate Betamax and later an item named VHS in US without getting obligated for copyright encroachment and without being at risk to pay any harms. The case builds up general guideline for innovative turn of events and favors the privilege of the overall population to make legitimate proprietors of copyright to make duplicates through specialized gadgets for their very own utilization. The general standard built up for this situation was that by assembling an item which can be utilized to

Hepatitis C : The Silent Epidemic Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Ess

Hepatitis C : The Silent Epidemic Presentation      Did you realize that more than 200,000,000 individuals are tainted with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)? Lamentably it is valid, and twenty 5,000 more are contaminated every year. Out of these casualties, three are associates of mine. They are the reason I decided to explore this Silent Epidemic. In this paper you won't just find out about the infection itself, yet additionally approaches to perceive and forestall it. The objective of this is to forestall the further spread of this sickness, and moreover to make you mindful of your choices whenever contaminated. Measurements      Hepatitis C influences roughly 1.8% of the populace in the U.S. This records for about 4 million individuals. What's more, this number is just developing. It has been assessed that twenty five to thirty 5,000 new cases are analyzed every year. What is the Hepatitis C Virus?      As you definitely know, the cells in the body react to contamination from multiple points of view. One of these ways is irritation. Hepatitis C is an aggravation of the liver. Be that as it may, it doesn't influence the entire liver on the double. The quiet pestilence sneaks up gradually by making harm singular liver cells. This implies, HCV advances gradually over numerous years. How would you get Hepatitis C      There are many hazard factors that may prompt the spread the Hepatitis C Virus. As a rule side effects are not obvious until ten or even twenty years after the disease. Since medicines depend on the level of disease, it is essential to discover this infection at the earliest opportunity. Is it true that you are in danger? Ask yourself the accompanying inquiries to discover! 1.) Have you gotten a blood transfusion preceding 1992? 2.) Have you had any strong organ transplants, for example, your heart, liver, or kidney? 3.) Are you on long haul kidney dialysis? 4.) Are you an individual from the human services field, in which you have had introduction to blood? 5.) Have you at any point utilized recreational medications? (Needles? Cocaine Straws?) 6.) Have you at any point had high hazard sex? (Butt-centric? Numerous Partners?) 7.) Do you have a tattoo or body puncturing? 8.) Do you live with, or have normal contact with a tainted individual? Provided that this is true, do you share nail scissors, razors, or toothbrushes?      If you have addressed yes to any of these inquiries, you are at a hazard for having Hepatitis C. So now what would you be able to do? Diagnosing Hepatitis C      If you believe you may have been uncovered t... ... Ribavirin      Ribavirin is a pill which is utilized alongside alpha-interferon. It has been demonstrated that this pill encourages the alpha-interferon to work better. Patients who decide to take this pill are recommended a few pills per day. These pills must be take ordinarily alongside standard alpha-interferon infusions to emphatically influence the body. Objectives of treatment      There are two fundamental objectives of HCV treatment. The primary objective is to have a supported virologic reaction. This implies the infection will stay at an imperceptible in the blood for at least a half year after treatment. The subsequent objective is an improved histologic reaction. A case of this is the lessening of liver irritation, and the decrease of scarring of the liver.â â â â â End      Hepatitis C is a quiet plague. There is no immunization, and no fix. The best way to forestall the spread of this illness is to know about your environmental factors, and practice a perfect method of living. In spite of the fact that there is treatment for Hepatitis C, it is a difficult malady in its later stages. On the off chance that you believe you have been uncovered, kindly, don't stop for a second to have yourself tried. The Hepatitis C Virus is, and will stay, a danger to your life.

Stateless nations Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stateless countries Palestine - Essay Example This populace of individuals has no citizenship and its advantages and in this way needs full access to administrations offered by the reference government to the real residents. This is regardless of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that each individual has a privilege to nationality (Balaton 1). The stateless individuals don't have the advantage of common and political, financial, social, and social rights, monetary and social rights that residents in a state appreciate. In fact, this populace doesn't have a road to guarantee for these rights and subsequently don't take an interest in any national issues. Thusly, the stateless populace is inclined to poor business, neediness, travel boundaries, disparity, segregation, sexual and physical brutality, no legitimate assurance, property possession limitations, political hindrances, prohibition, and helpful emergency (Balaton 2-3). Besides, they can't get to wellbeing, training, and other social administrations. Ac cordingly, statelessness is ostensibly one of the hazardous and unfortunate conditions that influence the total populace. All things considered, the UNHCR is embraced re4levant measures to diminish statelessness in the globe (â€Å"UN News Centre† 1). In this unique circumstance, this paper will detail Palestine as a stateless country. ... Outstandingly, for quite a while, Palestinians and the Jewish individuals of Israel have been living in a similar zone where Israel currently controls a large portion of that region and Palestinians are as yet attempting to recover that territory for reasons for their own autonomous state. Accordingly, there has been a battle for the masterfulness of Palestine with Israel trying to keep up business as usual. We can follow this debate from the authentic days of the Bible, which included Abraham’s child Isaac speaking to the Jews and Ishmael speaking to the Arabs. From that point forward, Israel and Palestine has been on war with Israel winning all wars in this manner rendering Palestine to be stateless. As a matter of fact, in 1967, Israel caught Israel caught significant regions with colossal Palestine populace, which included Gaza from Egypt and the West Bank from Jordan. In any case, this triumph didn't infer harmony and security to Israel as Palestine kept up the battle for West Bank, which is their likely autonomous state. All things considered, the battle for land, security, and Palestine freedom endures right up 'til the present time and Palestine stays a stateless country. Undoubtedly, Israel tries to diminish the Palestinian Arabs populace while expanding the quantity of Jewish foreigners. By the by, most Israelis are gradually tolerating that Palestinians have the right to have an autonomous state with Palestinians con?ning their focus toward the West Bank. The stateless Palestine fall into three classes which incorporate holders of nationalities of accommodation, holders of the ‘Refugee Travel Document’, and holders of the Palestinian visa gave by the Palestinian Authority (Shiblak 8). Truly, the topographical area of Palestine was a district in

GRE sentence equivalences two strategies

One of the things that often gets overlooked in discussions about standardized testing is that scoring well is often a matter of having strategies, plural, rather than a single strategy. Different items may call for different approaches, even when they are the same type of question, and nowhere is this fact illustrated more clearly than on GRE sentence equivalences. In some cases, you may be able to identify the answer almost instantaneously using a shortcut approach, whereas in other cases you may need to work through the sentence very carefully, circling key words, playing positive/negative, and dodging trick answers left and right. The key is to know which strategy to use when. With that said, lets look at two ways that sentence equivalences can be approached. 1) Use the answers to work backward Although correct answers to sentence equivalences do not need to be exact synonyms, in many cases they will have very similar meanings. One way to narrow down potential answer choices is therefore to start by scanning the answer choices for such words. For example, consider the following set of answers: [A]   multiply [B]   abate [C]   merge [D]   relapse [E]   subside [F]   linger This isnt the hardest set of answer choices, but it isnt the easiest one either. None of the words is particularly obscure, and only abate would show up on most traditional GRE vocabulary list. The answers are, however, all similar enough to give a lot of test-takers pause. If you really know your vocabulary and can keep your head on straight, though, there are actually only two words here that are truly likely to create the same meaning when plugged into a sentence. In fact, theyre straightforward synonyms: abate and subside. What further suggests that this pair is correct is that it follows a classic sentence equivalence answer choice pattern: one easy word (subside) and one GRE word (abate) that test-takers are less likely to know. To be clear, though: you should never never choose a set of answers without going back and plugging them into the sentence to make sure they actually fit. The point of this strategy is only to help you identify the most likely answers faster; you still need to check to make sure they make sense in context. So now, were going to look at the actual sentence. Some commonly prescribed medications can initially provoke side-effects ranging from anxiety to weight-gain, but these symptoms typically ____________ within weeks as patients bodies adjust. The contradictor but indicates that the two halves of the sentence will have opposite meanings. The first half of the sentence indicates that some common medications cause side effect, so logically, the second half of the sentence must indicate that these side effects eventually go away or decrease an interpretation supported by the phrase as patients bodies adjust. Given that context, abate and subside make perfect sense. However, if the correct answers have meanings that are too dissimilar, or if there are multiple synonym pairs, this strategy will be of limited use. For example, the above set of answers could also be written this way: [A]   remain [B]   abate [C]   merge [D]   relapse [E]   subside [F]   linger Here, there are two potential sets of words: remain/linger and abate/subside. You can be reasonably certain the other answers are incorrect, but without actually looking at the sentence, there is no way to know which pair is correct. That is also why you should never jump to pick the first set of synonyms you notice there might be another pair of synonyms, or relatively similar words, that are a much better fit for the sentence. If there isnt an obvious set of synonyms, or if you simply find working from the answers too confusing, then you can always 2) Work from the sentence to the answers This should probably go without saying, but just in case, Ill reiterate it here: in order to work most effectively, you must do some basic legwork upfront, before you check the answers. If you dont have a clear idea of what sort of words youre looking for, youre likely to get confused or second-guess yourself. The major pitfall of this approach is that you can end up focusing so hard on finding words that fit that you neglect to fully consider whether they create the same meaning. For example: Amy Tans memoir Where the Past Begins is not a conventional narrative autobiography; rather, it is a series of ____________ chapters that resemble a collage or a scrapbook more than a standard chronological excavation of the past. The sentence sets up an opposition between Tans memoir and conventional narrative autobiography, indicating that the memoir does not consist of a conventional narrative. In addition, the phrase standard chronological excavation indicates that the narrative does not discuss the events of Tans life in order. The correct answers must therefore be consistent with the idea of lacking order. Now, take a look at the answers: [A]   linear [B]   rambling [C]   unintelligible [D]   fragmented [E]   lyrical [F]   disjointed Linear is the exact opposite of the required word, so [A] can be eliminated right away. Rambling means long-winded or wordy. This type of narrative could plausibly be considered the opposite of a conventional point-A-to-point-B narrative, so [B] fits. Unintelligible has the right idea, but its too strong: its unlikely that an authors memoir, no matter of unconventional, would be downright incomprehensible. Its a pretty safe bet that [C] is wrong too. [D], fragmented fits: a narrative that didnt move in linear or chronological fashion could be described this way. Lyrical (poetic) isnt the most obvious match for the clues in the sentence, but it still works: a lyrical memoir would not be a standard chronological one. So [E] stays. Disjointed is also consistent with the idea of a narrative that jumps around in time, so [F] stays as well. So that leaves us with four possible answers: [B]   rambling [D]   fragmented [E]   lyrical [F]   disjointed The question now shifts from which words make sense in context to which words produce the same meaning? Lyrical is the outlier here, so [E] can be eliminated. This is where you need to be very careful: rambling, fragmented, and disjointed   are all similar but a rambling narrative is one that is merely lengthy and tends to go off on tangents, whereas a fragmented or disjointed narrative is by definition one that presents events in random order, that leaps back and forth in time in a choppy, illogical way. The difference is subtle, but its there. [D] and [F] are exact matches for the clues in the sentence AND produce the same meaning when plugged in, so they are correct.

Wittenberg University Admission ACT Scores, Admit Rate

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use...

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use in Middle Aged Adults? Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) psychosocial stages of development provide a framework for the different stages of development throughout the human lifespan. These stages of development begin at birth and continue until death, and separate the lifespan into eight stages based on chronological age. Within these eight different aging stages are corresponding psychosocial stages. Each of these psychosocial stages represent a conflict between two characteristics of development for that particular time period in a person’s life. The beginning stages of Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) model focus almost entirely on the individual and the self, developing those personal characteristics and developing the idea of the self. It is not until middle adulthood that the psychosocial conflict changes perspective to reflect outside of the self. The seventh psychosocial stage is generativity versus stagnation, which takes place during the ages of 40 to 60. In this stage, the in dividual turns the focus outside of themselves and starts to focus on society, community, and the family. While a person can feel generative by having their own family and children, this is only a small part of being successfully generative. Generativity can roughly be described as connection between generations. This entails having a desire to contribute to the next generations, as well as creating and accomplishing things

Antimicrobial Activity of Soil- Research Proposal free essay sample

Microbes produce various antibiotics and by isolating different microbes the antibodies can be tested for. Soil samples are highly rich in microorganisms. The antimicrobial  activities of microbes from 3 different soil sources (Tenby, Summerstrand, North Campus main building round-about and South Campus water pond) will be tested. Pure colonies isolated from the microbes will be tested for antimicrobial activity against known microorganisms of medical importance; these being E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and salmonella spp. Isolates of soil microbes can be categorized and  characterized based on a number of criteria ranging from gram-staining which will be done in this project, for enumeration which is a quantitative description based on the amount of microbial colonies available. The results will be recorded. Key words: soil, microbes, microbial activity, antimicrobial resistance INTRODUCTION It is vital for science today to focus on the isolation and characterisation of an unknown organism expressing interesting properties in relation to antimicrobial Activity. At the conclusion of this laboratory experience the researcher would be required to describe the isolates obtained from the soil macroscopic and microscopic appearance, perform the gram stain of the microorganisms in question and to discriminate the organisms from other microbes that could be contained in the soil and to finally make certain that the organisms have not been exposed to outside sources and be isolated in a pure culture. The researcher must first isolate the microbe then, grow the organism in a pure culture. Pure colonies will be tested for antimicrobial activity against known microorganisms of medical importance. The evaluation of the results that will be achieved are important in the understanding the development of new antimicrobial drugs. LITERATURE REVIEW Soils typically contain 109  to 1010  microorganisms per gram (dry weight), which may represent more than a million bacterial species. However, characterization of the small fraction of microbes that has been cultivated provides only a glimpse of their potential physiological capacity and influence on soil ecosystems. The absence of pure cultures or genome sequences makes it difficult to ascertain the roles of specific microbes in soil environments. Eichorst, Breznak and Schmidt (2007) Diarrhoea caused by Shigella species is estimated by WHO to cause 50% of dysentery cases. S. dysenteriae serotype 1 is particularly virulent, causing endemic and epidemic dysentery with high death rate. Salmonella organisms are endemic in many tropical and developing countries, while other salmonellas cause food poisoning and bacteraemia. It is highly infectious and resistance to common available antimicrobials is an increasing problem. Cheesbrough (2000, p. 97) Antimicrobial resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was previously sensitive is on the rise. Resistant organisms such as bacteria are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial medicines, such as antibiotics. Infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. World Health Organisation (2012) discusses the problem of antimicrobial resistance Synthesis of medicinally important compounds is very difficult and thus the cost of medicine is also high because of the non availability of source materials especially aromatic compounds Gopalakrishnan (2011) AIM OF RESEARCH The main aim of this research is to determine whether or not soil bound microbes’ exhibit antibiotic activity against known bacteria of medical importance. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY * To develop a new antimicrobial agent. * To reduce the ever expanding problem of antimicrobial resistance in treatment of bacterial infections. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * METHOD(S) TO FASCILITATE MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION Gram stain * Gram stain will be used to identify the gram bacterial membrane reaction for easy identification. Culturing * Nutrient agar will be used for the culturing of the soil supernatant to favour growth of most bacteria. Muller-Hinton agar will be used for testing antimicrobial activity * Blood agar useful for pure culture isolation and determination of haemolysis with fastidious microorganisms. Cheesbrough (2000) Biochemical reactions Biochemical reactions will be used for the full identification of the bacteria isolated in soil and confirmation of the known enteric organisms. * API test kit Biomerieux (2009) * MATERIALS TO BE USED GRAM STAIN| GENERAL MATERIALS| Lugols’ iodine| Laboratory protective coat| Safrannin| Examination gloves| Acetone| Biohazard disposal bags| Crystal violet| Sterile sample containers | Garden hoe| CULTURE| Microscope| Culture plate| Normal saline| Wire loops| Cover slips| Bunsen burner| Glass slides| Autoclave| | Culture media| KNOWN BACTERIA FOR ANTIMICROBIAL TESTING| Incubator| Escherichia coli| Tight gas cylinders| Salmonella spp| Distilled water| Shigella dysenteriae| | Shigella flexneri| GLASS WARE| Staphylococcus aureus| Conical flasks| | Graduated beakers| BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS| Measuring cylinders| API testing kit| Test tubes| | Cheesbrough (2000) * ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The experiment to be conducted does not require the use of animals. This being said, the research will not require clearance from the department or the governing organisations responsible for the regulation of experiments of that nature. The research being conducted will also be of benefit to the society. Ethical considerations in research (2002) Kanungo. R. (2006) explains the ethics in research * SAMPLE COLLECTION Designing statistically sound sampling programs for soil antimicrobial testing requires the consideration of specific monitoring questions and the state in which the soil extracts of interest will be left post extraction. Three (3) different soil sources will be used and below are the proposed sources of soil for antimicrobial activity analysis:- a. Loamy soil from Tenby, Summerstrand, b. South Campus of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University pond c. North campus main entrance round about The soil will be collected from 5 inch depth of the surface and stored in sterile small reagent bottles. Chutia and Ahmed (2012) Wallenius (2011) describes the microbiological characteristics of soil sampling * SAMPLE ANALYSIS METHOD To address the goals of achieving a pure culture of soil microorganism and testing for antimicrobial activity, a quantitative serial dilution method will be used. Quantitative research method will measure the number of soil microorganisms with antimicrobial activity witnessed thus preferred for this particular research. Psychology Press Ltd (2004) explains Research methods and Data analysis SERIAL DILUTION PROCEDURE DAY 1 1. Mark the sterile dilution blanks in the following manner: the 100 ml dilution blank is 10-2 and the tubes sequentially are 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6. 2. Add 1gram to the 10-2 dilution blank, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes and ensure the cap is securely tightened. 3. Aseptically transfer 1ml from 10-2 dilution to the 10-3 tube. Mix thoroughly. 4. Using a fresh, sterile pipette for each succeeding step, transfer 1ml from the 10-3 dilution to the 10-4 dilution blank, then from the 10-4 to the 10-5, then from the 10-5 to 10-6. Sample transferred must be thoroughly mixed with the dilution fluid before transferred to the next tube. 5. Aseptically inoculate from 10-6 dilution and incubate on nutrient agar for 24 hours at room temperature. . This procedure will apply to the soil acquired from other sources and will be done free from contamination of the other. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) Below is a demonstration of the serial dilutions:- Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) DAY 2 Pure culture isolation 1. From the 10-6 dilution, choose one colony that appears to be compos ed of only one cell type. 2. Flame an inoculating loop, when cool gently touch it to the surface of the colony you will re-streak onto a Blood agar plate. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) The plate should be streaked as: Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) 6. Incubate the plates at room temperature for 24 hours DAY 3 1. Examine the Blood Agar plate re-streaked for a pure colony. 2. Test the pure colony’s antimicrobial activity against a known microorganism on Muller-Hinton agar and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for 24hours. 3. Gram-stain pure colony achieved, streak the colony onto a Nutrient Agar slant. Incubate for 1 day and place in the refrigerator (Isolates to be used for future experiments. Isolation of soil bacteria: viable titer and pure culture (n. d) DAY 4 – Expected Results 1. Antimicrobial activity will be observed by a zone of inhibition around the pure colony streak or, 2. A negative result showing growth of known bacteria. CONTROLS * Sterile water tested for antimicrobial activity must allow growth (Negative control), while a * An effective known antibiotic for particular bacteria tested for antimicrobial activity must show a zone of inhibition (positive control). Cheesbrough (2000) DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS The results achieved from the research will be documented in form of a Treatise, which will be oral presentation to the students and faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Should the results of the study be of interest, there is a possibility of publishing the findings in a journal for continuous dissemination. WORK AND TIME SCHEDULE The research activity will commence early August of 2013. It will be divided into two portions; the practical component and documentation of practical findings. The practical component will be conducted on from Monday to Saturday of every week. During week days, the practical activities will be done after classes. The practical component is scheduled to run for 1 month and 1 week, after which the documentation component will commence and run for a month duration. The research is scheduled to run for a period of 2 months and a week. The write up will then be handed to the research supervisor, seeking their opinion on the outline of the Treatise. FINANCE BUDGET A list of requirements is set below, to guide the funder on the scale of requirements, amount of work and cost of the research. Below is a list of the needed materials as per category:- GENERAL REQUIREMENTS| COMMODITY PRICE| Laboratory protective coat| | Examination gloves| | Biohazard bags| | Normal saline| | Microscope| | Glass slides| | Slide cover slips| | Sterile containers for serial dilutions| | GRAM STAIN| COMMODITY PRICE| Lugols’ iodine| | Acetone| | Safrinnin | | Crystal violet| | CULTURE| | Culture plates| | Bunsen burner| | Hot plate| | Culture media| | Incubator | | Tight gas cylinders| | Distilled water | | BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS| COMMODITY PRICE| API test kit| | Biomerieux. (2009) Cheesbrough (2000) lists the different microbiological requirements the facilitate the budgeting of a research Higdon and Topp (2004) give some guidelines on how to prepare a research proposal budget CONCLUSION The search for anti-secretory drugs continues, with real progress having been made. Soil and plants are the potential source of many drugs; but they did not yet get proper recognition. The role of antimicrobial agents in the management of infective bacterial conditions continues to be clarified with the emergence of new agents and simplified treatment regimens. Probiotics are popular with diarrhoea sufferers and have been shown to have some efficacy. However, further scrutiny is required to determine the magnitude of their effects and continued research on new development of anti diarrhoea agents in needed. Antibiotic resistance is a major clinical problem in treating infections caused by these microorganisms. One way to prevent antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic species is by using new compounds that are not based on existing synthetic antimicrobial agents. It is then vital to do more research on soil antimicrobial activity. Chanu, Chakraborty el tol (2011)

Prostitution Essays (527 words) - Prostitution, Sex Industry

Prostitution I. Introduction Prostitution, performance of sexual acts solely for the purpose of material gain. Persons prostitute themselves when they grant sexual favors to others in exchange for money, gifts, or other payment and in so doing use their bodies as commodities. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers only to those who engage overtly in such sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specified sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, but throughout history the majority have been women, who have usually entered prostitution through coercion or under economic stress. II. Preindustrial Societies Prostitution was widespread in preindustrial societies. In the ancient Middle East and India, sexual intercourse with prostitutes was believed to facilitate communion with the gods. In ancient Greece, prostitution flourished on all levels of society. In ancient Rome, prostitution also was common, despite severe legal restrictions. In the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), the Christian church, which valued chastity, attempted to convert or rehabilitate individual prostitutes but did not attack the institution itself. By the late Middle Ages, licensed brothels flourished throughout Europe, yielding enormous revenues to government officials and corrupt clergy members. During the 16th century prostitution declined sharply in Europe, largely as a result of stern reprisals by Protestants and Roman Catholics. They condemned its immorality but were also motivated by a connection between prostitution and an outbreak of syphilis, a disease that is often transmitted through sexual contact. III. Industrial Societies In the 18th century most continental European governments controlled prostitution through a system of compulsory registration, licensed brothels, and medical inspection of prostitutes. In Britain and the United States, prostitution flourished openly in urban so-called red-light districts. In time the corruption of licensed prostitution stirred protests throughout Europe. Many governments sought to check prostitution by trying to stop the international traffic in women and children. IV. Prostitution in the United States Prostitution in the United States today takes various forms. Some prostitutes, so-called call girls, operate out of their own apartments and maintain a list of regular customers. Some follow convention circuits or work in certain resort areas. The majority are so-called streetwalkers, who find their customers on city streets. Increasing numbers are young runaways to the city who turn to the streets for survival. Many prostitutes are managed by men known as pimps, who usually take much of the money earned by the women. V. Current U.S. Attitudes The United States remains one of the few countries with laws against prostitution. It is legal only in the state of Nevada. The rationale for its continued illegal status in the United States rests on three assumptions: prostitution is linked to organized crime, prostitution leads to increased crime in general, and prostitution is the cause of an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. These assumptions are now in question, as some experts have pointed out that prostitution is no longer an attractive investment for organized crime, and as public-health officials indicate that prostitutes account for only a small percentage of the country's sexually transmitted disease cases. Polls have shown that approximately half of the U.S. population would favor decriminalization of prostitution throughout the country. Decriminalization would free the courts and police to spend more time dealing with what are seen as more serious and violent crimes. The constitutionality of laws against prostitution is also in question, since they penalize prostitutes but not their customers.

To live or to die essays

To live or to die essays Everyday hundreds of Americans die in either accidents, shooting, from sickness, and evening the death penalty. Capital punishment is a very difficult issue and there are as many different opinions for or against it as there are people. Each yeah over two hundred people are placed on death row. Some of those people deserve to be on death row and a few dont but there is no way to separate the wrongly accused from those who belong. To live or to die is the question that crosses every judges mind when the time comes to prosecute a criminal. It is not an easy decision but it has to be made. Once the decision is made to place someone on death row, there is no turning back, only the anticipation of that day when a life is brought to an end slowly but surely. Those opposing capital punishment think of losing a loved one to someone who has no meaning for taking a life. those who are defending capital punishment, think about a loved one that maybe wrongly accused and sentenced to death. There are two sides to capital punishment either to live or There was a period were capital punishment was ruled unconstitutional by the supreme court. Their reason for this was that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth amendment which states, that excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, no cruel or unusual punishment inflicted. When the constitution was drafted, indeed capital punishment was practiced widely in this country but it was not specified as cruel and unusual. Those who are for capital punishment argue that penal laws are demonstrating to everyone that it is not in the best interest to murder. Capital punishment is something that is deserved when someone takes the life of another individual for no reason. The fear of death deters people from committing crimes, says Leslie Cantu (Interne ...

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choosing Technology to Meet a Need - Assignment Example Its adaptations and applications may open doors to the previously inaccessible learning opportunities for numerous children with special needs. In addition, assistive technology supports both remedial and compensatory needs of the student. Tablets, computers, and handheld devices may be very helpful for students with disabilities since they reduce the stress stimuli and cut out distractions improving the student’s academic performance. The technology device will enhance or replace speech for those people with various disabilities in the understanding as well as production of written or spoken language. Chat Box by Unitech is a portable communication device which can be utilized to speak to messages either by means of an optional switch for scanning or pressing buttons on the keyboard. The device can store more than 10 minutes of recorded messages that are stored in four separate overlays. It is portable since it weighs 1.5 lbs. Design: Has the largest display compared to any other chat integrated communication device. 10.1 inch capacitative screen, NOVA chat editor, single along with switch scanning, updated userinterface, and Ivona synthesized speech Of all the Chat communicative devices NOVA chat 10 has the largest screen display (Jackson, 2009). It also offers well known Chat software on an Android platform including MultiChat 15, MultiChat 24, and ChatPower 24. Due to its lightweight the device is very portable for ambulatory users and can also be mounted on wheelchair users. The device has a 10.1† display, and the 4GB RAM allows proper functioning of the Ivona speech synthesizer, switch scanning, and numerous other features that can assist the students in improving their spoken and written language. The device runs on a lightening fast Intel ® Coreâ„ ¢ i7  processor offering a consistent motor pattern for words as

Management situation in which you are to apply a prominent motivation Essay

Management situation in which you are to apply a prominent motivation theory to improve performance - Essay Example This theory posits that every individual has specific motivational needs, which are the driving factors for their efforts. Vroom (1964) explains this model of motivation (M) based on three components namely, Valence, Instrumentality and Expectancy. The Expectancy theory or the VIE theory states that motivation is a product of valence, instrumentality and expectancy (M=VxIxE). Valence (V) refers to the value of an outcome that an individual places on various outcomes of their jobs like pay, incentives, interest in the work, relationships, etc. If an individual values relationships, then he/she would be happy to work where relationships are strong and valued. Instrumentality (I) refers to an employee’s opinion or belief about the extent of efforts required to achieve an outcome. Employees tend to put in efforts to perform a specific job only if they believe that their efforts would result in outcomes they value. The third component, Expectancy (E) refers to the employees’ perception about the extent to which his/her effort will result in certain level of job performance. Expectancy refers to level of confidence individuals possess about a specific action or job (George & Jones, 2008). These components have a strong relationship between each other and on overall motivation. The relationship between effort and performance is referred to as the E-P linkage, which is determined by expectancy. Instrumentality refers to the relationship between performance and outcome, referred to as the P-O linkage. Any limitation in these linkages or in the valence significantly impacts individuals’ motivation because motivation is a product of these three components (Isaac et al, 2001). In the present case two issues have been identified: one is related to the expectancy and the other is about instrumentality. The expectancy of few employees is low as evident from their low confidence because of knowledge and information related issues associated with the new pr ocess. The valence of this group lies in abilities, knowledge and skills. In this case, as suggested by Isaac et al., (2001) the supervisor must diagnose the members’ abilities and their perceptions related to the new process. Secondly, the supervisor needs to train, coach and mentor the members on the new process until they achieve the desired outcomes. The supervisor needs to spend more time with the team and encourage every achievement. Appreciating individuals that achieve the desired outcomes will improve their confidence because the appreciation will act as recognition to their valences. This will slowly improve their confidence and strengthen their expectancy and performance linkage. The supervisor needs to constantly provide support when team members are facing issues in achieving the desired outcomes; moreover, the leader needs to provide constant feedback to the team members in a way that their mistakes are being corrected and their self-confidence is also not being disturbed. Another motivational issue in the present case is with instrumentality, which impacts the P-O linkage. A few members that valued pay were not motivated to work because they believed that the amount of effort required to produce the specific outcome is not worth the pay they were getting. In such situation, the supervisor should talk to the individuals and explain the situation with

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Hamlet - Essay Example Hamlet dresses badly and Queen Gertrude is displeased by his behaviour and more so because of the demise of his dad and her remarrying. Claudius orders Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to investigate the reasons for his son in law’s unusual behaviour (Shakespeare 41). Hamlet organizes a play The Murder of Gonzalo in which he reveals the ghost’s words to King Claudius of killing his father. The king behaves in a manner to suggest the words are true. Gertrude tries to stop Hamlet, but he reprimands her for remarrying. Hamlet bashes Polonius while listening to the scolding in arrears of the curtains (Shakespeare 86). The flicker resurfaces to Hamlet and instructs him to be gentle to Gertrude. Eventually, the queen ditches King Claudius. Later King Claudius is stunned by the news of Polonius’ demise (Shakespeare 92). The queen, however, defends Hamlet insinuating he is mad. Now scared, the king sends him to England and reveals his plans to kill him while in England (Shakespeare 95). Ophelia goes angry and later on pass away. The King informs Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for the death of his father, and they plan to kill him at a fencing match. During Ophelia’s funeral, Hamlet communicates to Horatio on how he escaped his planned death in England and in its place Rosencrantz as well as Guildenstern died (Shakespeare). Hamlet also says that he wanted to devour King Claudius Killed. The Queen perishes from drinking festering cup predestined for Hamlet (Shakespeare 140). Laertes poisoned sword cuts Hamlet hurdles against Laertes but, while about to die, Hamlet stabs Claudius with Laertes’ sword; instructs Horatio to reveal the story, and recommends Young Fortinbras as Denmark’s next King (Shakespeare line 142). This scene is vital in the play as helps in the establishment of not only the tone of the play but also the background situation of the play setting. This is essential as normally the there

Comparing Hide and Seek, Half past Two and Leaving school :: English Literature

Comparing Hide and Seek, Half past Two and Leaving school For this essay I am going to compare the language in three poems and how they show the persons feelings. These poems are 'Hide and Seek' 'Half past Two' and 'Leaving School'. Hide and seek is written in a 3rd person perspective. The language is descriptive, simple, atmospheric and childlike in the way that it uses personification (giving things human names). The poem suggests that it is in a 3rd person perspective by the use of the word 'you' at the end of the poem. The end of the poem is also very sad and lonely, enhanced by the darkness described. All these factors together produce a dark, lonely and upsetting mood, these factors are easily shown by the child's character which is soft, small, frightened and easily upset from the description that we get. Half past Two is also written in a third person perspective. The language and viewpoint of the entire poem is that of a young child's point of view, this is shown in the language. The language shows this by its simplicity, its child like words and the way that the writer puts words together with no spaces. The language also has some rhyming words in it. The child's character is simple, he knows what he knows, but that's it and he shows innocence in the way he thinks. The mood is not really set because the description does not include the weather, of a descriptive setting but we get a confused and scared mood from the confused child. The structure is simple with some italic writing to create emphasis and the writer uses 3 lined stanzas. Leaving School is written in a first person perspective and the language is a lot more complicated but still easily understood the language in the poem is also very emotional. The poem is about a boy that is missing home and is easily upset, the poem also gives use a feeling that he is being forced to grow up to fast, because of some of the simple things he is worried about and the things he gets wrong. At the end of the poem the child keeps on drifting in to his own imaginary world and also shows his lack of confidence. The mood is upsetting and lonely, this is created by the child's sad situation. The structure of the poem is in three chunks of lines, and the

Trait-Based Pespectives of Leadership, Zaccaro (2007)

AbstractThis paper is an academic critique of an observational study research article written by Stephen J. Zaccaro (2007) entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The trait-based perspective on leadership was dismissed by many scientific leadership researchers in the mid-20th century. A primary reason was that the research did not account for situational variance in leadership behavior. Quantitative analysis of leadership was difficult in the past. Recent improvements in research methods, such as statistics, have led to resurgence of interest in trait-based leadership theory.Zaccaro (2007) called for researchers to address fundamental issues or critical points, which he defined. He identified a defining core of leadership traits that transcend organizational domains. Finally, he summarized a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects, accordingly. The author concludes with proposing future directions of research with the goal of ide ntifying universal qualities of effective leaders. IntroductionThe purpose behind this critique is to evaluate an observational study, published in 2007, by Stephen J. Zaccaro entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The globally popular trait-based theory of leadership of the early 20th century lost credibility after World War II. Advances in quantitative analysis methods, concepts, and statistical models provided empirical data that challenged studies that had rejected leader trait models. Zaccaro postulated that by refining common traits and attributes of effective leaders into universally standard categories, such commonalities could be analyzed quantitatively.The author introduced four critical points to be considered in models and theories on trait-based leadership. First, the refinement of multiple leader traits and attributes must be made. Secondly, studies should address how joint combinations of characteristics have an influence on behavior. In this way he explain s the curvilinear  relationships of traits with outcomes that were used to discredit leadership-trait theories. Computer models may now calculate complex multiplicative and curvilinear relationships that were confounders in the past.Third, particular situations may predict success or failure depending various traits. Fourth, similar leader traits may be stable in cross situations while others may be situation-bound. Zacarro (2007) went on to provide a broader definition of leader trait that is focused on personality attributes. He then identified actual traits that are distally and proximally influenced by situational parameters. He then illustrated a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects. MethodologyThe author conducted a literature review to build his four critical points. In this manner he was also able to refine the meaning of successful and effective leadership as, â€Å"fundamentally, influencing others by establishing a collec tive effort and managing, shaping, and developing the collective activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 9). He then clarified the role of situations into three circumstances which he calls arguments.He analyzed models of leader individual difference and performance into his own, entitled, A Model of Leader Attributes and Leader Performance.Findings and InterpretationsThis category is not applicable in this case since the proposed model has not been tested sufficiently.ConclusionsThe author concludes with proposing a number of possible future directions of research with the goal of identifying universal qualities of effective leaders. His belief is that these recommendations combined with modern methodological and statistical resources will help reach this goal.

I Attended The Stars At Night Concert - 1799 Words

On November 1st at 7 pm, I attended the Stars at Night concert series performed by Texas State University’s jazz ensemble in San Marcos, Texas. They had Steve Houghton as their guest artist. I was excited to attend because I had yet to see the inside of the new performing arts center or go to a live jazz performance. A jazz ensemble typically consists of 5 saxophones, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, and a rhythm section (consisting of piano, bass, guitar, and drums). Vibraphones, clarinets, and violins are sometimes added to jazz ensembles to add variation to the timbre of the musical group, but the ensemble I attended did not have those extra instruments added to it. The jazz music ensemble played a total of 8 pieces from several different composers. One piece that stuck out to me in particular was the song, â€Å"Jazz Crimes† composed by Joshua Redman but performed by Steve Houghton. What attracted me to this song was the prestissimo tempo. It was not hard to pick up on to the fast beat, do to the fact that the artists were tapping their feet at a very high rate. I noticed that there were many solos throughout the entire piece, leading me to believe that the song could be classified as a sonata. â€Å"Jazz Crimes† has a concert overture because, it does not precede a larger piece of music. â€Å"Blues for Stephanie† by John Clayton was another piece that really drew in my attention. Throughout the piece a sense of emotional instability was portrayed by the constant change in intensity of theShow MoreRelatedThe Concert At The Meyer Theater858 Words   |  4 PagesOn Wednesday, February seventeenth, I had the pleasure of attending Noteworthy’s concert at the Meyer-Mclean Theater. Noteworthy is an a capella group from Brigham Young University, and is composed entirely of female students. Though only one of the girls is a music major, all share an incredible love of music, and it showed in their thoughtful, energetic performance. 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